Conservation activities starting with DNA analysis
September 11, 2026
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a substance that records genetic information, which can be considered the blueprint for building the body of a living organism. It is found in the body of living organisms, such as feathers and blood, as well as in excrement such as feces. In addition, DNA derived from cells and tissues that have sloughed off from the bodies of animals and parts of plants is also present in the environment, such as water, soil, and the atmosphere.
By examining the DNA of diverse samples, we can obtain a variety of information, including the kinship relationships between individuals, the genetic characteristics of populations, the habitat status of wild organisms, and even the evolutionary history of organisms.
Wildlife Conservatio Center has collaborated with various zoos to analyze DNA collected from a wide range of animals and has used the results in animal husbandry management and conservation activities.
For example, because the black-faced Black-faced Spoonbill kept at Tama Zoo are managed in flocks, it can be difficult to determine the kinship of the hatched chicks. Therefore, DNA-based parentage testing technology is used to investigate whether the parents' DNA type is accurately inherited by the offspring. Based on the results of multiple DNA markers, a comprehensive judgment is made, and this information is used by zookeepers when considering breeding combinations.
When related individuals repeatedly breed, genetic diversity decreases, raising concerns about its impact on disease resistance and reproductive capacity. Since only a limited number of individuals can participate in breeding in captivity, we create breeding plans that consider kinship based on DNA analysis to maintain genetic diversity. These efforts are crucial for maintaining a healthy population in the future.
Advances in DNA analysis technology are expanding its applications in wildlife conservation. While DNA analysis has primarily been used for genetic management of captive populations, it has the potential to be applied to a wider range of conservation activities in the future.
Specifically, detecting DNA methylation can be used to estimate the age of animals and assess whether wild populations can survive in the long term. Analyzing DNA left in feces, water, and soil can also reveal the diet and habitat conditions of wild animals, which can be useful for habitat conservation.
For the past 20 years since its establishment, Wildlife Conservatio Center has provided foundational information for various conservation activities and research through DNA analysis and other methods. Over the next 20 years, we will further develop our analytical techniques and work to ensure that we can reliably provide the information that is needed.
[Wildlife Conservatio Center Research Section, Kanesaka]