Zoo Stock Species and the Red List

Zoo Stock

This indicates that the species is included in the Second Zoo Stock Plan, which was formulated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government in 2018. The plan sets goals for the next 10 years in three areas: "species conservation," "contribution to wildlife conservation," and "environmental education and conservation awareness." 124 animal species are included.

What is the Red List?

Based on scientific research, this is a list of wildlife classified by rank (category) indicating the degree of risk of extinction.
Livng Things Encyclopedia shows the categories (mainland and islands) assessed by the IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) at the global level, the Ministry of the Environment for Japan, and the Tokyo Metropolitan Government for Tokyo.

The higher the category in each table, the higher the risk of extinction, and CR, EN, and VU are the three categories known as "endangered species." In Tokyo, species that are not at the NT (near threatened) level but are relatively rare are considered "species of concern."

IUCN categories
EX	extinction
EW	Extinction in the wild
CR+EN	—
CR	Serious crisis
EN	crisis
VU	emergency
NT	Near Threatened
LC・○	Low Concern
DD	Data shortage
LP	—

Japan (Ministry of the Environment) Category
EX	extinction
EW	Extinction in the wild
CR+EN	Endangered species
CR	Critically Endangered
EN	Endangered species
VU	Endangered species
NT	Near Threatened
LC・○	—
DD	Lack of information
LP	Endangered local population

Tokyo Category
EX	extinction
EW	Extinction in the wild
CR+EN	Endangered species
CR	Critically Endangered
EN	Endangered species
VU	Endangered species
NT	Near Threatened
LC・○	Unranked
DD	Lack of information
LP	Endangered local population

Creatures at Tama Zoo

Japanese Macaque
Macaca fuscata fuscata

Subspecies: Japanese Macaque

Japanese Macaque are endemic to Japan, and the population of this subspecies that lives on the Shimokita Peninsula in Aomori Prefecture is the northernmost of all primates excluding humans. They live in groups of between a dozen and a hundred individuals, consisting of males, females, and their offspring. In addition, solitary male snub-nosed macaques can also be seen. Mating season is from autumn to winter, and after a gestation period of about six months, they give birth in spring and summer. Males reach maturity at around seven years old and leave their natal group around ten years old. Females remain in the group and area where they were born, giving birth for the first time at the age of five to seven years old. They usually give birth to one offspring every two to three years.

classification	Mammalia, Primates, Azure-winged Magpie
English name	Japanese Macaque
distribution	Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, Kinkazan Island, Awaji Island, Shodoshima, Koshima
Residence	Forest (deciduous broadleaf forest in the north, evergreen broadleaf forest in the south)
Size	Body length: 54-61cm Weight: Males 12-15 kg, females 8-13 kg
food	Seeds, nuts, fruits, young leaves, flowers, buds, stems, roots and rhizomes, herbaceous plants, mushrooms, insects, crustaceans, spiders, shellfish, fish, bird eggs, etc.
Red List	IUCN: LC (Least Concern) Japan: LP (Local Population at Risk of Extinction) Tokyo: NT (near threatened)

Tama Zoo exhibition area

Tama Zoo and Asian Zone

Red face and buttocks

There is no hair on their faces or buttocks, so the skin is exposed. When they are young, they are pale pink, but when they become adults, the blood flowing through the capillaries under the skin becomes visible and they appear red. During mating season, both males and females turn a bright red. Furthermore, during mating season, females' redness intensifies due to the action of hormones around the time of ovulation.

cheek pouch

Inside their cheeks, they have cheek pouches to temporarily store food that they put in their mouths. When they are in a hurry, they will not swallow the food but will instead push it into their cheek pouches and slowly spit it out later to eat. In this way, they prevent other individuals from stealing their food.

calluses on the buttocks

Both males and females have whitish calluses on both sides of their buttocks. They are made of hard connective tissue attached to the tip of the ischial tuberosity of the pelvis. They are fairly soft at birth, but harden as they grow. They are mainly used when sitting on tree branches, etc.

short tail

Even adults only reach about 10cm in length, and it is thought that this shortening occurred to help them survive the cold in winter.

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